Molybdenum

Molybdenum is crucial during preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum as it participates in enzymatic processes vital for amino acid metabolism, detoxification, and neurological development. 

As a component of enzymes like sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase, molybdenum supports the breakdown of sulfite and purines, essential for fetal development. 

Its role in detoxification becomes significant during pregnancy, ensuring the elimination of metabolic waste products. Additionally, there's emerging evidence suggesting molybdenum's involvement in neurological development and immune system function. 

While required in trace amounts, molybdenum contributes to the intricate physiological balance crucial for maternal and fetal well-being during these stages.

References:

Gropper, S., Smith, J., & Groff, J. (2009). Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism (5th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

Mistry, H. D., & Williams, P. J. (2014). The importance of antioxidant micronutrients in pregnancy. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2014, 1-14. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3171895/